In serial data transmission, every byte of data is padded with a ‘0’ in thebeginning and one or two ‘1’ s at the end of byte because

In serial data transmission, every byte of data is padded with a ‘0’ at the beginning and one or two ‘1’s at the end to ensure accurate and reliable data transmission. This approach serves several key purposes:

1. Frame Synchronization: The added bits (‘0’ at the beginning and ‘1’s at the end) help in identifying the start and end of each byte, making it easier for the receiver to synchronize with the data stream without needing a separate clock signal. This process helps in distinguishing between consecutive data bytes and effectively manages the alignment of data frames.

2. Error Detection: The specific pattern of padding bits can also aid in basic error detection. For example, if the bits at the expected positions (beginning and end) are not as anticipated (‘0’ at the start and ‘1’s at the end), it can indicate a transmission error, such as data corruption or misalignment.

3. Signal Integrity: Adding these bits can help maintain signal integrity over the transmission medium, by ensuring a mix of zeros and ones in the data stream. This can prevent issues with signal strength and quality that can occur when sending long sequences of identical bits, which might otherwise be interpreted as a loss of signal.

4. Bit Stuffing: In some protocols, the added ‘0’ at the beginning and ‘1’s at the end are part of a bit stuffing strategy to ensure that the data does not accidentally mimic the control signals or flags within the data stream