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The network layer is concerned with routing, forwarding, and addressing information to ensure that data packets are transmitted across networks and can reach their correct destination. Its tasks include:
1. Routing: Determining the optimal path over which data can travel from the source to the destination.
2. Addressing: Assigning a unique address (such as an IP address) to each device on the network to ensure data packets are sent to the correct destination.
3. Packet forwarding: Moving packets from a device’s incoming network interface to the appropriate outgoing network interface.
4. Packet fragmentation and reassembly: Splitting data into smaller packets for transmission and reassembling these packets at the destination.
5. Handling congestion: Managing network traffic to prevent or respond to data transmission delays or losses.
6. Internetworking: Connecting multiple networks and ensuring that data packets can traverse from one network to another seamlessly.
By managing these functions, the network layer enables multiple networks to communicate and function as a single, large network, facilitating internet and intranet communications.
C. packets