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The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a core protocol of the Internet Protocol Suite. It operates at a layer above IP (Internet Protocol) and is used extensively across the internet and local networks to manage the sending and receiving of data packets between devices. TCP is designed to provide reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of bytes between applications running on hosts communicating via an IP network. Major aspects of TCP include:
1. Connection-Oriented Communication: TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, meaning that a connection is established and maintained until the application programs at each end have finished exchanging messages. It ensures that data is delivered in order, without duplicates.
2. Reliability: TCP manages message acknowledgment, retransmission of lost packets, error detection, and error recovery. When data is sent, the recipient must acknowledge receipt. If the sender does not get a correct acknowledgment, it will resend the data.
3. Flow Control: TCP uses flow control mechanisms to prevent senders from overwhelming receivers. This is typically done through a sliding window mechanism, where the receiver tells the sender how much data it can receive (buffer size) without acknowledgment.
4. Congestion Control and Avoidance: TCP incorporates several algorithms like slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and fast recovery to control congestion on the network, adapting the data transmission rate based on the detected network conditions.
5. Ordering of Data: TCP segments carry sequence numbers that allow the receiving TCP layer
D. all of the mentioned