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Comparing IPv4 and IPv6 reveals that while the two protocols are designed to perform the essentially same task—providing unique addresses to devices on a network—they do so using very different methodologies and features. IPv6 was developed to address the long-term problem of IPv4 address exhaustion, among other things, and in the process, it changes or eliminates some features that are inherent to IPv4. Here are features present in IPv4 that are not in IPv6:
1. Broadcast Addresses: IPv4 uses broadcast addresses to send traffic to all nodes on a subnet. IPv6 has eliminated broadcast addresses, replacing them with multicast and anycast addresses to reduce network traffic congestion.
2. Header Checksum: The IPv4 header includes a checksum to help ensure data integrity. However, this feature is not present in IPv6. The removal of the header checksum in IPv6 simplifies and speeds up the processing of packets as the checksum is considered redundant due to the reliability of modern link layers and the inclusion of checksums in upper-layer protocols like TCP and UDP.
3. Fragmentation by Routers: In IPv4, if a packet is too large to be forwarded by a router to a particular network segment that requires smaller packets, the router can fragment the packet into smaller units. IPv6 removes this feature; packet fragmentation is not performed by routers but must be handled by the originating node.
4. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): IPv4 uses ARP to map IP addresses to
D. anycast address