| 1. | The working memory of the problem solver is like its _________________ |
| A. | long term memory |
| B. | short term memory |
| C. | permanent memory |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. short term memory | |
| 2. | _____________search regresses over goals and validate a plan before returning it. |
| A. | forward state space |
| B. | backward state space |
| C. | goa stack |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. backward state space | |
| 3. | _____________ Procedure selects a flaw in a given plan and looks for a resolver. |
| A. | goal stack planning |
| B. | the plan space planning |
| C. | recursive goal stack planning |
| D. | partial order planning |
| Answer» B. the plan space planning | |
| 4. | Which of the following combination of labels is not allowed for W joint in scene labelling is not allowed |
| A. | (+,-,+) |
| B. | (-,+,-) |
| C. | (←,+,←) |
| D. | (←,←,←) |
| Answer» D. (←,←,←) | |
| 5. | If it is possible to extend each pair of consistent variable instantiation to a third variable, a CSP is said to be _________________ |
| A. | arc consistent |
| B. | i- consistent |
| C. | path consistent. |
| D. | 2- consistent |
| Answer» C. path consistent. | |
| 6. | The __________algorithm explores the domain in a depth first manner. |
| A. | backtracking |
| B. | forward checking |
| C. | arc consistency |
| D. | strategic retreat |
| Answer» A. backtracking | |
| 7. | _________________ are mathematical problems defined as a set of objects whose state must satisfy a number of constraints or limitations. |
| A. | constraints satisfaction problems |
| B. | uninformed search problems |
| C. | local search problems |
| D. | all of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. constraints satisfaction problems | |
| 8. | Which of the Following problems can be modeled as CSP? |
| A. | 8-puzzle problemb. |
| B. | 8-queen problem |
| C. | map coloring problem |
| D. | all of the mentioned |
| Answer» D. all of the mentioned | |
| 9. | Backtracking is based on ____________ |
| A. | last in first out |
| B. | first in first out |
| C. | recursion |
| D. | both last in first out & recursion |
| Answer» D. both last in first out & recursion | |
| 10. | The inference engine goes through which cycle? |
| A. | match-resolve-execute |
| B. | execute-resolve-match |
| C. | resolve match match |
| D. | resolve match execute |
| Answer» A. match-resolve-execute | |
| 11. | The output of MATCH routine in Inference Engine is ______________ |
| A. | pattern set |
| B. | conflict set (cs) |
| C. | rule set |
| D. | action set |
| Answer» B. conflict set (cs) | |
| 12. | Operator PUTDOWN has which of the following sequence of actions? |
| A. | holding(x),ontable(x),holding(x) |
| B. | holding(x),armempty, holding(x) |
| C. | holding(x),ontable(x) |
| D. | holding(x),ontable(x)^armempty, holding(x) |
| Answer» D. holding(x),ontable(x)^armempty, holding(x) | |
| 13. | Frame problem in STRIPS Domain can be solved by _____________________ |
| A. | operator |
| B. | frame aximoms |
| C. | precondition |
| D. | action |
| Answer» B. frame aximoms | |
| 15. | In PDDL,the Language is based on _______________________ |
| A. | propositional logic notation |
| B. | second order logic notation |
| C. | first order logic notation |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» C. first order logic notation | |
| 16. | STRIPS operators are made up of which three components: |
| A. | p: precondition list , a: add list , d:delete list |
| B. | p: postcondition list , a: add list , d:delete list |
| C. | p: precondition list , s: sub list , d:delete list |
| D. | p: postcondition list , s: sub list , d:delete list |
| Answer» A. p: precondition list , a: add list , d:delete list | |
| 17. | Which search algorithm imposes a fixed depth limit on nodes? |
| A. | depth-limited search |
| B. | depth-first search |
| C. | iterative deepening search |
| D. | bidirectional search |
| Answer» A. depth-limited search | |
| 18. | In a rule-based system, procedural domain knowledge is in the form of:___________ |
| A. | production rules |
| B. | rule interpreters |
| C. | meta-rules |
| D. | control rules |
| Answer» A. production rules | |
| 19. | _____________ is a state that is better than all its neighboring states but is not better than some other states further away |
| A. | plateau |
| B. | local maximum |
| C. | global maximum |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» B. local maximum | |
| 20. | ___________ algorithm keeps track of k states rather than just one. |
| A. | hill-climbing search |
| B. | local beam search |
| C. | stochastic hill-climbing search |
| D. | random restart hill-climbing search |
| Answer» B. local beam search | |
| 21. | Which is the most straightforward approach for planning algorithm? |
| A. | best-first search |
| B. | state-space search |
| C. | depth-first search |
| D. | hill-climbing search |
| Answer» B. state-space search | |
| 22. | _______ is/are the well known Expert System/s for medical diagnosis systems |
| A. | mysin |
| B. | caduceus |
| C. | dendral |
| D. | smh.pal |
| Answer» A. mysin | |
| 23. | Which of the following statement(s) is true for Sparse-Memory Graph Search (SMGS)? |
| A. | the boundary is defined as those nodes in closed that have at least one successor still in open |
| B. | the nodes in closed that are not on the boundary are in the kernel |
| C. | the number of relay nodes on each path is exactly one. |
| D. | both a & b |
| Answer» D. both a & b | |
| 24. | Which of the following algorithm is generally used CSP search algorithm? |
| A. | breadth-first search algorithm |
| B. | depth-first search algorithm |
| C. | hill-climbing search algorithm |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» B. depth-first search algorithm | |
| 26. | Which of the following are true for the algorithms Beam Stack Search (BSS)and Divide-and-Conquer Beam Stack Search (DCBSS). |
| A. | bss finds the optimal path while dcbss does not. |
| B. | dcbss finds the optimal path while bss does not. |
| C. | both bss and dcbss find the optimal path |
| D. | neither bss and dcbss find the optimal path |
| Answer» C. both bss and dcbss find the optimal path | |
| 27. | The performance of an agent can be improved by __________ |
| A. | learning |
| B. | observing |
| C. | perceiving |
| D. | sensing |
| Answer» A. learning | |
| 28. | __________ Is an algorithm, a loop that continually moves in the direction of increasing value – that is uphill. |
| A. | up-hill search |
| B. | hill-climbing |
| C. | hill algorithm |
| D. | reverse-down-hill search |
| Answer» B. hill-climbing | |
| 29. | Not only do formal logics allow representation of knowledge, but they also allow representation of knowledge Mechanisms for reasoning using a collection of well-defined manipulation rules Of Representations. |
| A. | true |
| B. | false |
| Answer» A. true | |
| 30. | If a logic produces only true statements and does not produce any false statement it shows which of the following property |
| A. | completeness |
| B. | soundness |
| C. | consistency |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. soundness | |
| 31. | Is the following rule of inference valid one |
| A. | no |
| B. | yes |
| Answer» B. yes | |
| 32. | _________Graph is used to represent semantic network |
| A. | undirected |
| B. | directed |
| C. | undirected |
| D. | any one of the above |
| Answer» B. directed | |
| 33. | What is the nature of the sentence: ∀x ∀y (TeacherOf(x,y) ⊃ StudentOf(y,x)) |
| A. | symmetry |
| B. | exhaustiveness |
| C. | inverse |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» C. inverse | |
| 34. | The formula or sentences that can be maid true by certain valuation function are called |
| A. | valid formula |
| B. | satisfiable formula |
| C. | unsatisfiable formula |
| D. | invalid formula |
| Answer» B. satisfiable formula | |
| 35. | A _________ is used to demonstrate, on a purely syntactic basis, that one formula is a logical consequence of another formula. |
| A. | deductive systems |
| B. | inductive systems |
| C. | reasoning with knowledge based systems |
| D. | search based systems |
| Answer» A. deductive systems | |
| 36. | • is evaluated last. |
| A. | true |
| B. | false |
| Answer» A. true | |
| 37. | A Term is either an individual constant (a 0-ary function), or a variable, or an n-ary function applied to n terms: F(t1 t2 ..tn). |
| A. | true |
| B. | false |
| Answer» A. true | |
| 38. | First Order Logic is also known as ___________ |
| A. | first order predicate calculus |
| B. | quantification theory |
| C. | lower order calculus |
| D. | all of the mentioned |
| Answer» D. all of the mentioned | |
| 39. | Which is used to compute the truth of any sentence? |
| A. | semantics of propositional logic |
| B. | alpha-beta pruning |
| C. | first-order logic |
| D. | both semantics of propositional logic & alpha-beta pruning |
| Answer» A. semantics of propositional logic | |
| 40. | From which rule does the modus ponens are derived? |
| A. | inference rule |
| B. | module rule |
| C. | both inference & module rule |
| D. | c.none of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. inference rule | |
| 41. | Which form is called as a conjunction of disjunction of literals? |
| A. | conjunctive normal form |
| B. | disjunctive normal form |
| C. | normal form |
| D. | all of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. conjunctive normal form | |
| 42. | What can be viewed as a single lateral of disjunction? |
| A. | multiple clause |
| B. | combine clause |
| C. | unit clause |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. unit clause | |
| 43. | Choose the correct option. |
| A. | a is true, b is true |
| B. | a is false, b is false |
| C. | a is true, b is false |
| D. | a is false, b is true |
| Answer» A. a is true, b is true | |
| 44. | What among the following constitutes the representation of the knowledge in different forms? |
| A. | relational method where each fact is set out systematically in columns |
| B. | inheritable knowledge where relational knowledge is made up of objects |
| C. | inferential knowledge |
| D. | all of the mentioned |
| Answer» D. all of the mentioned | |
| 45. | What are Semantic Networks? |
| A. | a way of representing knowledge |
| B. | data structure |
| C. | data type |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. a way of representing knowledge | |
| 46. | Graph used to represent semantic network is _____________ |
| A. | undirected graph |
| B. | directed graph |
| C. | directed acyclic graph (dag) |
| D. | directed complete graph |
| Answer» B. directed graph | |
| 47. | The basic inference mechanism in semantic network is to follow the links between the nodes. |
| A. | true |
| B. | false |
| Answer» A. true | |
| 48. | Which of the following elements constitutes the frame structure? |
| A. | facts or data |
| B. | procedures and default values |
| C. | frame names |
| D. | frame reference in hierarchy |
| Answer» A. facts or data | |
| 49. | There exists two way to infer using semantic networks in which knowledge is represented as Frames. |
| A. | intersection search |
| B. | inheritance search |
| Answer» A. intersection search | |
| 51. | Which of the following is an extension of the semantic network? |
| A. | expert systems |
| B. | rule based expert systems |
| C. | decision tree based networks |
| D. | partitioned networks |
| Answer» D. partitioned networks | |
| 52. | Is the below statement true for the domain of positive integers ∀p ∃q ( p + q = 7) |
| A. | yes |
| B. | no |
| Answer» A. yes | |
| 53. | Which of the following is a sound rule of inference? |
| A. | q ∧ (p → q) → p |
| B. | p → (p ∨ q) |
| C. | q ∨ (p → q) → p |
| D. | all of above |
| Answer» B. p → (p ∨ q) | |
| 54. | ∀x ∃ y P(x,y) ≡ ∃ y ∀ x P(x,y) |
| A. | yes |
| B. | no |
| Answer» B. no | |
| 55. | Is ∀z S(x,y) a well-formed formula? |
| A. | yes |
| B. | no |
| Answer» A. yes | |
| 56. | The statement comprising the limitations of FOL is/are ____________ |
| A. | expressiveness |
| B. | formalizing natural languages |
| C. | many-sorted logic |
| D. | all of the mentioned |
| Answer» D. all of the mentioned | |
| 57. | iv. Compound Logic” |
| A. | i. and ii. |
| B. | i. and iii. |
| C. | ii. and iii. |
| D. | iii. and iv. |
| Answer» C. ii. and iii. | |
| 58. | what is the issue of Forward State Space Planning? |
| A. | low banching factor. |
| B. | large branching factor. |
| C. | work in forward fashion |
| D. | work in backward fashion |
| Answer» B. large branching factor. | |
| 59. | Goal Stack Planning breaks up a ______________________________ |
| A. | initial state |
| B. | stack in different part |
| C. | set of goal predicates into individual subgoals |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» C. set of goal predicates into individual subgoals | |
| 60. | What is true about Linear Planning? |
| A. | it refers to the fact that the subgoals are attempted and solved in a linear order. |
| B. | attempts to solve subgoals individually one after another. |
| C. | attempts to solve subgoal individually in non linear fashion |
| D. | both a & b |
| Answer» D. both a & b | |
| 61. | Agent interacts with the world via _______________ and ______________ |
| A. | decision , effect |
| B. | perception, decision |
| C. | perception, action |
| D. | perception, effect |
| Answer» C. perception, action | |
| 62. | The start node for search in plan space planning is_______________ |
| A. | bfs |
| B. | dfs |
| C. | both dfs and bfs |
| D. | a* |
| Answer» C. both dfs and bfs | |
| 63. | In which chaining, the Left-Hand side is used to match the rules and Right-Hand side is used to check the effect of using the rule. |
| A. | forward chaining |
| B. | backward chaining |
| C. | reverse chaining |
| D. | both b & c |
| Answer» A. forward chaining | |
| 64. | The components of Expert system are? |
| A. | a set of rules, the inference engine (ie), forward chaining |
| B. | a set of rules, backward chaining, a working memory (wm) |
| C. | a set of rules, the inference engine (ie), a working memory (wm) |
| D. | a set of rules, forward chaining, backward chaining |
| Answer» C. a set of rules, the inference engine (ie), a working memory (wm) | |
| 65. | What is true about Artificial Intelligence? |
| A. | the ability to solve problems”. |
| B. | the ability to act rationally. |
| C. | the ability to act like humans |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 66. | Which of the following are Informed search algorithms? |
| A. | best first search |
| B. | a* search |
| C. | iterative deeping search |
| D. | both a & b |
| Answer» D. both a & b | |
| 67. | If there is a solution, breadth first search is _______________to find it |
| A. | difficult |
| B. | guaranteed |
| C. | not able to find |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» B. guaranteed | |
| 68. | Which search strategy is combining the benefits of both BFS and DFS? |
| A. | depth limited search |
| B. | a* |
| C. | iterative deepening depth first search |
| D. | best first search |
| Answer» C. iterative deepening depth first search | |
| 69. | Admissibility of the heuristic function is given as: |
| A. | h(n)>= h*(n) |
| B. | h(n)< h*(n) |
| C. | h(n)== h*(n) |
| D. | h(n)<= h*(n) |
| Answer» D. h(n)<= h*(n) | |
| 70. | The efficiency of A* algorithm depends on __________________________ |
| A. | depth |
| B. | the quality of heuristic |
| C. | unknown nodes |
| D. | d. none of the above |
| Answer» B. the quality of heuristic | |
| 71. | What is the termination criteria in Hill climbing? |
| A. | when no successor of the node has better heuristic value. |
| B. | when successor of the node has better heuristic value. |
| C. | when no ancestor of the node has better heuristic value. |
| D. | when ancestor of the node has better heuristic value. |
| Answer» A. when no successor of the node has better heuristic value. | |
| 72. | What is true about variable neighborhood function? |
| A. | neighbourhood functions that are sparse lead to quicker movement during search |
| B. | algorithm has to inspect very fewer neighbours |
| C. | vdn stars searching with sparse neighbourhood functions, when it reaches an optimum, it switches to denser function. |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 73. | _______________________requires Linear Space but uses backtracking |
| A. | breadth first search |
| B. | recursive best first search (rbfs) |
| C. | a* |
| D. | ida* |
| Answer» B. recursive best first search (rbfs) | |
| 74. | Which property asks that the algorithm is locally admissible? |
| A. | admissibility |
| B. | monotonicity |
| C. | informedness |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» B. monotonicity | |
| 75. | A* Search Algorithm _______________ |
| A. | does not expand the node which have the lowest value of f(n), |
| B. | finds the shortest path through the search space using the heuristic function i.e f(n)=g(n) + h(n) |
| C. | terminates when the goal node is not found. |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» B. finds the shortest path through the search space using the heuristic function i.e f(n)=g(n) + h(n) | |
| 76. | Which is not problem in Hill climing? |
| A. | plateau |
| B. | ridges |
| C. | local maximum |
| D. | landscape |
| Answer» D. landscape | |
| 77. | Tabu search is designed __________________________ |
| A. | as it does not follow aspiration criteria |
| B. | to escape the trap of local optimality. |
| C. | to unrecord forbidden moves, which are referred to as tabu moves . |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» B. to escape the trap of local optimality. | |
| 78. | Production/Rule looks like________________ |
| A. | pattern–>data |
| B. | action–>data |
| C. | pattern–>action |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» C. pattern–>action | |
| 79. | How can we convert AO graph with mixed nodes into graph with pure AND and OR nodes? |
| A. | by traversing multiple node |
| B. | by deleting one of the node |
| C. | by addition of extra node |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» C. by addition of extra node | |
| 80. | Arc consistency in AO graph is concernd with ____________________________________ |
| A. | nodes |
| B. | finding consistent values for pairs of variables. |
| C. | unary constraint |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» B. finding consistent values for pairs of variables. | |
| 81. | A planning problem P in BSSP is defined as a _____________ |
| A. | triple (s, g, o) |
| B. | triple (s1, s2, o) |
| C. | triple (g1, g, o) |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» A. triple (s, g, o) | |
| 82. | Plan representation in Plan Space Planning is done with__ ———–links |
| A. | binding links |
| B. | ordering links and casual link |
| C. | contigent link |
| D. | head step |
| Answer» B. ordering links and casual link | |
| 83. | What is true aboout Iterative Deepening DFS? |
| A. | it does not perform dfs in a bfs fashion. |
| B. | it is the preferred informed search method |
| C. | it’s a depth first search, but it does it one level at a time, gradually increasing the limit, until a goal is found. |
| D. | is a depth-first search with a fixed depth limit l |
| Answer» C. it’s a depth first search, but it does it one level at a time, gradually increasing the limit, until a goal is found. | |
| 84. | What is the main advantage of backward state-space search? |
| A. | cost |
| B. | actions |
| C. | relevant actions |
| D. | all of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. relevant actions | |
| 85. | Backward State Space Planning (BSSP)_______________________________ |
| A. | simply explores the set of all future states in possible order |
| B. | start searching backwards from the goal |
| C. | leads to huge search space |
| D. | has no sense of direction |
| Answer» B. start searching backwards from the goal | |
| 86. | In Backward State Space Planning ,regress(A,G) that returns ______________________________ |
| A. | the regressed goal over action a when applied to goal g. |
| B. | the goal state over action a when applied to goal g. |
| C. | the initial state over action a when applied to goal g. |
| D. | both a & b |
| Answer» A. the regressed goal over action a when applied to goal g. | |
| 87. | What is true about Backward State Space Planning? |
| A. | goal states are often incompletely specified. |
| B. | expresses only what is desired in the final state, rather than a complete description of the final state. |
| C. | it uses regression |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 88. | effects⁺ (a) in Forward State Space Planning denotes ___________________ |
| A. | denotes the set of negative effects of action a |
| B. | denotes the set of neutral effects of action a |
| C. | denotes the set of positive effects of action a |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» C. denotes the set of positive effects of action a | |
| 89. | In Forward State Space Planning , Progress ( A, S) function returns ___________________ |
| A. | the successor state s when action a is applied to state s. |
| B. | the predecessor state s when action a is applied to state s. |
| C. | both a & b |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» A. the successor state s when action a is applied to state s. | |
| 90. | What are the drawbacks of Forward State Space Planning? |
| A. | fssp has very huge search space |
| B. | it includes the actions that have nothing go do with achieving the goal |
| C. | regression is used in forward state space planning |
| D. | both a & b |
| Answer» D. both a & b | |
| 91. | What arcs represents in AO Graph? |
| A. | subproblem to be solved individually |
| B. | solution |
| C. | path |
| D. | sequence of actions |
| Answer» A. subproblem to be solved individually | |
| 92. | Which are the first AI applications of AO graph? |
| A. | saint |
| B. | xcon |
| C. | dendral |
| D. | both a and c |
| Answer» D. both a and c | |
| 93. | What is Hyper-Edge in AO Graph? |
| A. | many edges together can be hyber edge |
| B. | those are and edges only |
| C. | both 1 and 2 |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» C. both 1 and 2 | |
| 94. | What cost is assumed for arc while solving AO* progress example? |
| A. | 0 |
| B. | 1 |
| C. | 2 |
| D. | 3 |
| Answer» B. 1 | |
| 95. | What is the heuristic cost of SOLVED nodes in AO* example? |
| A. | 0 |
| B. | 1 |
| C. | 2 |
| D. | 3 |
| Answer» A. 0 | |
| 96. | What is used to lable primitive problems in AO problem? |
| A. | unvisited |
| B. | unsolved |
| C. | solved |
| D. | visited |
| Answer» C. solved | |
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