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C. both (a) and (b)
The 4-byte IP address consists of two main parts: the network part and the host part. These parts vary in length depending on the class of the address (Class A, B, C, D, or E for IPv4). The network part identifies the unique network on which a device is located, while the host part identifies the specific device on that network. This division allows for the routing of IP packets across the internet to the proper destination network and to the specific destination device within that network. IPv4 addresses are typically represented in dot-decimal notation, comprising four octets separated by dots (for example, 192.0.2.1), with each octet ranging from 0 to 255.