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The output voltage ( V_o ) expression for a step-down chopper (also known as a buck converter) can be derived from the relationship between the input voltage ( V_s ), the duty cycle ( alpha ), and the output voltage.
For a step-down chopper, the output voltage is given by:
[
V_o = alpha V_s
]
Where:
– ( V_o ) = Output voltage
– ( V_s ) = Input voltage
– ( alpha ) = Duty cycle (percentage of time the switch is on, expressed as a fraction between 0 and 1)
So the output voltage is directly proportional to the duty cycle and the input voltage.