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There are several methods to move data through a network of links and switches, including:
1. Circuit Switching: A dedicated path is established for the entire duration of the transmission. This method is commonly used in traditional telephone networks.
2. Packet Switching: Data is divided into packets, which are sent independently through the network. They can take different paths to reach the destination, where they are reassembled. This method is used in most modern networks, including the Internet.
3. Frame Relay: A type of packet-switching protocol that operates at the data link layer. It is suited for connecting multiple local area networks (LANs) over wide area networks (WANs).
4. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): A cell-based switching technique that uses fixed-size packets (cells) and is designed for high-speed data transmission.
5. Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM): Different connections share the same link by dividing the time on the link into time slots, with each connection using a different time slot.
6. Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM): This method allows multiple signals to be sent simultaneously over a single medium by assigning different frequency bands to each signal.
7. Routing: Involves determining the best path for data packets to travel through a network, often using various algorithms and protocols to manage the routing process.
8. Switching Techniques:
– **Layer 2 Switching