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The flux produced by the stator mmf in an electrical machine typically passes through the following parts:
1. Stator Core: First, it passes through the stator core, which is magnetically conductive. This guides the flux around the outer part of the motor or generator.
2. Air Gap: Next, it crosses the air gap between the stator and the rotor. Despite being a non-magnetic space, the air gap is crucial for the flux path as it allows the flux to interact with the rotor.
3. Rotor: After crossing the air gap, the flux enters the rotor. In the rotor, it can pass through various components depending on the type of machine (squirrel cage, wound rotor, permanent magnets, etc.).
4. Back to the Air Gap: Once it has passed through the rotor, the flux crosses the air gap again, moving back towards the stator.
5. Stator Core again: Finally, it returns through the stator core, completing the magnetic circuit.
This path facilitates the electromagnetic interaction that enables the machine (be it a motor or a generator) to operate efficiently by inducing electromotive force (EMF) in the rotor, enabling torque and rotation in motors, or generating EMF in stator windings in generators.