What is an operating system (OS)?

An operating system (OS) is a software that acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and the computer user. It provides a user interface (UI) for people to interact with the computer’s hardware in a user-friendly manner. The operating system manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The OS offers functionalities such as file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and managing peripheral devices like disk drives and printers.

Key responsibilities of an operating system include:

1. Bootstrapping (Booting): The process by which a computer system initializes, or starts up, the operating system when the power is turned on or when the system is reset. It loads the kernel into memory and starts its processes.

2. Memory Management: Allocating and managing the computer’s main memory or RAM. The OS tracks memory allocation, ensuring that a process does not interfere with memory already in use, and efficiently manages available memory.

3. Process Management: Handling the creation, execution, and termination of processes. This includes managing process scheduling and synchronization, ensuring that processes run without interference and efficiently utilize the processor.

4. File System Management: Overseeing the creation, deletion, reading, and writing of files, as well as the organization and access to these files on storage devices.

5. Device Management: Managing all hardware and peripheral devices connected to the computer. The OS ensures that input and output operations are carried out smoothly, providing necessary drivers and interfaces.