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IPv4 and IPv6 are both versions of the Internet Protocol (IP), which is the set of rules that governs how data is sent and received over the internet. They each have distinct differences, primarily due to the need to provide more IP addresses and improve the technology as the internet has grown exponentially. Here are the key differences between IPv4 and IPv6:
1. Address Space:
– IPv4 uses 32-bit IP addresses, which allows for approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses. With the growth of the internet and connected devices, this has proven to be insufficient.
– IPv6 uses 128-bit IP addresses, allowing for a significantly larger number of addresses (approximately 3.4 × 10^38), which is a massive expansion from IPv4.
2. Address Format:
– IPv4 addresses are displayed as four decimal numbers separated by dots (e.g., 192.0.2.53).
– IPv6 addresses are expressed using eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334). This can sometimes be shortened to remove zeros or consecutive zero groups.
3. Header Complexity:
– IPv4 headers are more complex, featuring 13 fields, including ones for options and padding.
– IPv6 headers are simpler and more efficient, with 8