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In the OSI model, as a data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers, headers are .
In the OSI model, as a data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers, headers are removed.
In the OSI model, as a data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers, headers are removed.
See lessWhy was the OSI model developed?
The OSI model, which stands for Open Systems Interconnection model, was developed to establish a standard framework for computer communications. Prior to its development, computer systems had different communication rules and protocols, which made it difficult for systems of differing brands or typeRead more
The OSI model, which stands for Open Systems Interconnection model, was developed to establish a standard framework for computer communications. Prior to its development, computer systems had different communication rules and protocols, which made it difficult for systems of differing brands or types to communicate effectively. The aim of the OSI model, introduced by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984, was to promote interoperability and standardize the way computer systems send and receive data across networks.
Key reasons for its development include:
1. Interoperability: The OSI model aimed to allow diverse communication systems to communicate using standard protocols. It provided a universal set of rules and standards that enabled hardware and software from different manufacturers to function together seamlessly.
2. Modularity: The model divided the whole telecommunication process into seven different layers, from physical implementation of sending bits over a communications medium to the final layer where applications could access network services. This layering allowed for modularity in implementation, meaning different layers could be developed independently as long as they adhered to the defined specifications of the model. This helps in simplifying the network design and troubleshooting.
3. Standardization: By creating a standardized model, the OSI aimed to facilitate product development and interoperability. Companies could develop products to meet these standards, ensuring compatibility and encouraging a wider acceptance of networking technologies.
4. Simplification of Network Teaching and Learning: By providing a structured model, the OSI framework helps students and professionals in the field of
See lessA packet whose destination is outside the local TCP/IP network segment is sentto the _.
Default Gateway
Default Gateway
See lessis added to data packet for error detection.
Parity bit
Parity bit
See lessInternet-like networks within an enterprise
Internet-like networks within an enterprise are commonly referred to as Intranets. An intranet is a private network that is contained within an enterprise. It is used to securely share company information and computing resources among employees. Intranets are also used to facilitate working in groupRead more
Internet-like networks within an enterprise are commonly referred to as Intranets. An intranet is a private network that is contained within an enterprise. It is used to securely share company information and computing resources among employees. Intranets are also used to facilitate working in groups and to improve the overall internal communications efforts. They are typically built using the same technologies as the Internet, such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) and web browsers, making them easy to use and maintain. Additionally, intranets often have connections to the public Internet, protected by firewall software to prevent unauthorized access.
See lessIn CRC there is no error if the remainder at the receiver is
0
0
See lessIf a file consisting of 50,000 characters takes 40 seconds to send, then thedata rate is .
To find the data rate, we should first consider the total amount of data that is being transmitted, and then divide that by the time it takes to transmit that data. Given the data, we have:- (50,000) characters to be sent- It takes (40) seconds to send these charactersData rates are typically measurRead more
To find the data rate, we should first consider the total amount of data that is being transmitted, and then divide that by the time it takes to transmit that data. Given the data, we have:
– (50,000) characters to be sent
– It takes (40) seconds to send these characters
Data rates are typically measured in bits per second (bps). Assuming that each character is encoded using 8 bits (1 byte per character, which is common, although actual encoding schemes can vary), we can convert the number of characters to bits:
[50,000 , text{characters} times 8 , text{bits/character} = 400,000 , text{bits}]
Now, to find the data rate, we divide the total number of bits by the time in seconds:
[frac{400,000 , text{bits}}{40 , text{seconds}} = 10,000 , text{bits per second (bps)}]
Therefore, the data rate is (10,000) bps, or (10) kbps (kilobits per second).
See lessA small network making up the Internet and also having a small numbers ofcomputers within it is called
A small network making up the Internet and also having a small number of computers within it is called a Local Area Network (LAN).
A small network making up the Internet and also having a small number of computers within it is called a Local Area Network (LAN).
See lessThe process of keeping addresses in memory for future use is called
The process of keeping addresses in memory for future use is called caching.
The process of keeping addresses in memory for future use is called caching.
See lessWhich of the following to keep track of the individual units of data (called packets) that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet.
The technology used to keep track of the individual units of data, known as "packets," that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet, is called the "Internet Protocol (IP)." IP is a part of the Internet protocol suite, which is a set of communications protocols used for tRead more
The technology used to keep track of the individual units of data, known as “packets,” that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet, is called the “Internet Protocol (IP).” IP is a part of the Internet protocol suite, which is a set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks. The Internet Protocol is specifically responsible for addressing and routing packets so that they can move across networks and reach the correct destination. Tcp/ip (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the foundational protocol suite of the Internet and ensures that packets are sent, received, and assembled in the correct order to reconstruct the original message.
See less