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Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) is a network protocol that is used to enhance the use of a shared communication channel. It is primarily used in a setting where multiple network nodes are attempting to access the same channel (such as a single frequency or a cable), but where only one node should ideally be transmitting at any given time to avoid collisions of data.
The fundamental principle behind CSMA is that a network device first listens to the network to check if another device is transmitting data. If the channel is found to be busy, the device will wait for a random period of time before checking again. If the channel is found to be free, the device will proceed to transmit its data. This method significantly reduces the chances of collision because it is unlikely that two devices will listen, find the channel free, and decide to transmit at exactly the same time.
There are several variations of CSMA, including:
1. 1-Persistent CSMA: In this approach, a device will continuously sense the channel and transmit immediately when the channel becomes free. If a collision occurs, it will wait for a random time before trying again. This method has a higher chance of collision but is simpler and can be more efficient in networks with low traffic.
2. Non-Persistent CSMA: A device using a non-persistent strategy will wait for a random period before sensing the channel again if it finds the channel busy. This reduces the chance of collision but can introduce longer delays.
3. **P-P