How are the stator windings of all synchronous generator connected?

Synchronous generators, widely used in power generation, have stator windings that are crucial for their operation. The way these windings are connected can vary, but the two most common configurations are:

1. Star (Y) Connection: In the star or Y connection, one end of each of the three stator windings is connected together at a common point called the neutral point. The other ends of the windings are connected to the generator’s output terminals. This configuration provides a neutral point and is used for generating a four-wire system for three-phase power distribution. It allows for both single-phase and three-phase power to be supplied, making it versatile for a variety of electrical distribution systems. The star connection can also help in reducing the amount of conductor material needed and can minimize insulation stresses.

2. Delta (Δ) Connection: In the delta or Δ connection, the end of one winding is connected to the beginning of the next winding, and this pattern continues until the end of the third winding is connected back to the beginning of the first, forming a closed loop. This configuration does not use a neutral point and is known for its ability to provide a more uniform distribution of load across the three phases. It’s primarily used in applications where single-phase loads are minimal, and three-phase balance is crucial. The delta connection can also maintain full power delivery even if one of the phases fails, providing a form of redundancy.

In both configurations, electromagnetic induction is utilized to convert