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There are several methods to move data through a network of links and switches, including:
1. Packet Switching: Data is divided into packets, each of which is sent independently across the network. This method allows for efficient use of network resources.
2. Circuit Switching: A dedicated communication path is established between two nodes for the duration of the communication. This method is typically used in traditional telephone networks.
3. Frame Relay: A type of packet-switching protocol that transmits variable-length packets over a wide area network (WAN). It is less error-checking than other protocols, which can lead to higher speeds.
4. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): A cell-based switching technique that uses fixed-sized packets (cells) for data transfer, providing a predictable performance for real-time applications.
5. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS): A method that directs data from one node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, enhancing speed and efficiency.
6. Ethernet Switching: A networking technology that uses Ethernet frames to transmit data over a LAN, where switches connect devices and direct packets based on MAC addresses.
7. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs): Create a secure tunnel over the internet, using protocols such as OpenVPN or IPsec to encapsulate and encrypt data for safe transfer across public networks.
8. Quality of Service (QoS): Mechanisms that ensure data flow prioritization
D. packet switching and circuit switching