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The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric-key algorithm used for data encryption. It was adopted as a federal standard in the United States in 1977 and is designed to encrypt data in 64-bit blocks using a 56-bit key. DES works through a series of permutations and substitutions to transform plaintext into ciphertext in a way that is reversible only with the correct key. Despite its historical significance, DES has been largely replaced by more secure encryption algorithms, such as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), due to vulnerabilities that were exposed over time, particularly its short key length, making it susceptible to brute-force attacks.
A. block cipher