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The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric-key block cipher used for the encryption of digital data. It was adopted as a Federal Information Processing Standard in 1977 by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). DES encrypts data in 64-bit blocks using a 56-bit key, employing a series of permutations and substitutions through 16 rounds of processing to transform the plaintext into ciphertext.
Although DES was widely used for many years, it became vulnerable to brute-force attacks as computational power increased, leading to the adoption of more secure encryption standards, such as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). In 2005, DES was officially withdrawn as a standard due to its weakened security compared to modern cryptographic techniques.
A. block cipher