What is ransomware?

Ransomware is a type of malicious software designed to block access to a computer system or encrypt files on the system until a sum of money (ransom) is paid to the attacker. It often spreads through phishing emails containing malicious attachments or links, exploiting vulnerabilities in software, or across networks if one device is compromised.

Once installed on a system, ransomware encrypts files or locks users out, displaying instructions on how to pay the ransom to regain access. The demanded payment is typically in a cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin, to maintain the anonymity of the attacker.

Paying the ransom does not guarantee that the encrypted files will be decrypted or that the system will be unlocked; thus, it’s strongly discouraged by law enforcement and cybersecurity experts. To protect against ransomware, it’s recommended to maintain up-to-date backups of data, use antivirus software, keep systems and software patched, and be cautious with email attachments and links.

Ransomware attacks can target individuals, businesses, or governmental organizations, leading to significant financial losses, disruption of services, and compromise of sensitive information.