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A REST API (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and conventions for building and interacting with web services. It enables systems to communicate over the internet in a simple and standard way, using the protocols that the web is built on. REST APIs are designed around the following principles:
1. Resource-Based: In REST API design, all components are treated as resources. These resources are accessed via a common approach using URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) endpoints.
2. Stateless Communication: Each request from a client to a server must contain all the information the server needs to fulfill the request. The server does not store any session information about the client; it treats each request as an independent transaction.
3. Uniform Interface: REST APIs use a standardized interface, which simplifies and decouples the architecture, allowing each part to evolve independently. The four guiding principles of this interface are identification of resources, manipulation of resources through representations, self-descriptive messages, and hypermedia as the engine of application state (HATEOAS).
4. Use of HTTP Methods: REST APIs primarily use HTTP methods like GET (to retrieve resources), POST (to create resources), PUT (to update resources), DELETE (to delete resources), and PATCH (to apply partial updates to resources).
5. Stateless Client-Server Communication: The client and the server interact in a stateless manner, meaning that the client does not need to remember anything about the server, and the server