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The duty cycle of a chopper is defined as the ratio of the time the output is in the active state (on time) to the total time of one cycle (on time plus off time). It is usually expressed as a percentage. Mathematically, it can be represented as:
[ text{Duty Cycle} (%) = left( frac{T_{on}}{T_{on} + T_{off}} right) times 100 ]
Where:
– ( T_{on} ) is the time the chopper is turned on,
– ( T_{off} ) is the time the chopper is turned off.
In chopper circuits, the duty cycle affects the output voltage and power delivered to the load. A higher duty cycle means the chopper is on for a longer time, resulting in higher output voltage and power.