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The magnetization curve, also known as the hysteresis loop, plots the magnetic magnetization (M) of a material against the magnetic field strength (H). The plot typically shows how a material responds to an applied magnetic field, including the stages of magnetization, saturation, and demagnetization. Initially, as the magnetic field is applied, the magnetization increases gradually. Once the material reaches a certain point (saturation), further increases in the magnetic field no longer lead to significant increases in magnetization. Upon removing the magnetic field, the material retains some magnetization (remanence), and the curve indicates how the magnetization decreases as the field is reversed until the material is completely demagnetized. The area within the hysteresis loop represents the energy loss due to magnetization cycles.
The magnetization curve, also known as the magnetization loop or hysteresis loop, is a graphical representation that illustrates the relationship between the magnetic field strength (H) and the magnetization (M) of a material.
1. Initial Magnetization: The curve typically starts at the origin (0,0) when the magnetic field is not applied. As the external magnetic field is increased, the magnetization of the material also increases, following an initial steep slope.
2. Saturation: Eventually, the curve reaches a point of saturation where all magnetic domains are aligned, and further increases in the magnetic field strength do not significantly increase magnetization. This is the saturation magnetization (Ms).
3. Magnetic Hysteresis: When the magnetic field is reduced back to zero, the magnetization does not return to zero immediately but follows a different path, indicating that some magnetization remains (this is called remanence or retentivity). The point where the magnetization is zero again is known as coercivity.
4. Negative Field: If the magnetic field is reversed, the magnetization reduces until it reaches negative saturation, demonstrating the hysteresis effect where the material retains some magnetic properties even after the external field is removed.
5. Loop Shape: The shape of the curve is typically a loop, indicating that the magnetization depends not only on the current magnetic field but also on the previous magnetic history of the material.
This plot is essential
The magnetization curve, often represented as a graph plotting magnetic field strength (H) against magnetic flux density (B), illustrates the relationship between the applied magnetic field and the resulting magnetization of a material. As the magnetic field is increased, the material becomes magnetized, and the curve typically shows several key phases:
1. Initial Linear Region: At low magnetic field strengths, there is a linear relationship where the material exhibits paramagnetic or ferromagnetic behavior, and the slope is equal to the material’s permeability.
2. Saturation: As the magnetic field strength increases, the magnetic domains within the material become increasingly aligned, leading to a rise in magnetic flux density until saturation is reached, where further increases in H result in minimal changes in B.
3. Hysteresis: Upon decreasing the magnetic field, the curve does not retrace the initial path, resulting in a loop known as the hysteresis loop. This aspect illustrates the material’s magnetic memory or residual magnetism.
4. Remanence and Coercivity: The point where B remains after H is reduced to zero is called remanence, while coercivity refers to the intensity of the applied field required to reduce the magnetization to zero.
The magnetization curve is essential in understanding the magnetic properties of materials, particularly in applications related to electromagnetism, magnetic storage, and transformers.
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetization curve is the curve which is used to obtain the various
values required in the design of field regulators. The curve is the plot of field current in x axis and voltage in y axis.