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Cloud computing encompasses a variety of essential concepts, reflecting its multifaceted nature as a technology that delivers computing services—servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. Key concepts include:
1. Virtualization – The creation of a virtual (rather than physical) version of something, such as virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources. It is the fundamental technology that powers cloud computing.
2. Scalability – The ability to easily increase or decrease resources and services based on demand. In cloud computing, this is often done automatically and is a key benefit for businesses needing to rapidly adjust to changing workload demands.
3. Elasticity – Closely related to scalability is elasticity, which refers to the ability to scale resources up and down as needed automatically. It allows for the adaptation to varying loads and performance requirements.
4. Pay-per-use (Metered Service) – Cloud services often operate on a pay-per-use or consumption-based model, meaning customers only pay for the cloud resources they use, helping to reduce costs and increase efficiency.
5. Multi-tenancy – The sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of users. This allows for centralization of infrastructure while maintaining privacy and security among users.
6. Resource Pooling – Cloud providers serve multiple customers (tenants) with provisional