Which of the following is not associated with the session layer?

The Session Layer, known as Layer 5 in the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, is responsible for managing and controlling the connections between computers. It establishes, manages, and terminates the connections between the local and remote application. It provides services such as setup, coordination, and termination of conversations, exchanges, and dialogues between the application processes.

Options often associated with the session layer include:

1. Dialog Control – The session layer sets up and manages dialog control between devices, allowing for either half-duplex or full-duplex operation.
2. Synchronization – It adds checkpoints into the data stream, so if a session is interrupted, only the data after the last checkpoint needs to be re-transmitted.
3. Connection Establishment, Maintenance, and Termination – Handling the establishment, maintenance, and termination of connections.
4. Token Management – Ensures that both parties do not attempt the same operation at the same time.

Options that are *not* associated with the Session Layer generally deal with other responsibilities found in other OSI layers, such as:

– Data encoding and serialization (Presentation Layer)

– Routing (Network Layer)

– Error correction and flow control (Transport Layer)

– Media access control (Data Link Layer)

– Physical transmission of data (Physical Layer)

If the specific “following” options mentioned in your question were provided, I would pinpoint which is not associated with the Session Layer among those given options. Since they’re not provided,