A wireless network interface controller can work in

A wireless network interface controller (WNIC) can operate in various modes depending on its configuration and the requirements of the network it’s connecting to. Here are some common modes:

1. Managed Mode: In this mode, the wireless device connects to a wireless access point (AP) or router. It’s the most common mode for clients in a Wi-Fi network, where the communication is managed by the infrastructure (AP or router).

2. Ad-Hoc Mode (IBSS): In Ad-Hoc mode, devices communicate directly with each other without the need for a central router or access point. This mode is used to establish simple peer-to-peer networks, which can be useful for quick file transfers or gaming between devices in close proximity.

3. Monitor Mode: In Monitor mode, the wireless device is capable of capturing all traffic on a certain frequency, without associating with a specific AP or adhering to a particular service set. This mode is often used for network diagnostics, including packet sniffing, or for wireless network security assessments.

4. Master Mode (AP Mode): In this mode, the wireless device operates as an access point, allowing other wireless devices to connect to it as they would to a router. This can be used to extend a network or to create new wireless networks.

5. Repeater Mode: Technically an extension of AP mode where the device acts as a wireless repeater, it receives a Wi-Fi signal and retransmits it to