The best definition of polarisation is

The term “polarization” can be defined in several contexts, ranging from physics to social sciences, with its meaning varying depending on the field. Here’s a broad definition that spans these contexts:

Polarization is a process or phenomenon through which a division is created or intensified, leading to two distinct, opposing sides or states. In more specific contexts:

1. Physics (Optics): Polarization refers to the orientation of the oscillations of a transverse wave, such as light or electromagnetic waves, to occur in particular directions. Essentially, it describes the direction in which the electric field oscillates. In unpolarized light, the vibrations occur in multiple planes perpendicular to the direction of the wave’s propagation. Polarization filters or processes can align these vibrations into one plane, creating polarized light.

2. Physics (Electricity and Magnetism): It can also refer to the separation of charges within an object, leading to one side being more positively charged and the other more negatively charged, which is known as electric polarization.

3. Social Sciences: In social or political contexts, polarization refers to the process by which public opinion divides and goes to two extremes, often leading to groups or societies being divided into two distinctly opposing sides with little to no common ground or moderate views in between.

4. Chemistry: In chemistry, polarization might refer to the distribution of electrons across a bond or molecule, making one end slightly more negative and the other more positive, thus