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Electromagnets commonly utilize ferromagnetic materials to concentrate and enhance the magnetic field produced by the electric current flowing through the wire wrapped around them. The ferromagnetic elements used in electromagnets are primarily iron, cobalt, and nickel. These materials are characterized by their ability to retain significant magnetization and thus strengthen the magnetic field of the electromagnet. Iron is especially prevalent due to its magnetic properties and relative abundance, making it an economic choice for many applications. Alloys and composite materials that include these ferromagnetic elements are also used to optimize performance, including better saturation levels, higher permeability, and lower coercivity for more efficient operation.