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There are several methods to move data through a network of links and switches, including:
1. Circuit Switching: Establishes a dedicated communication path between two endpoints for the duration of the session. Commonly used in traditional telephone networks.
2. Packet Switching: Breaks data into smaller packets that are sent independently across the network. Each packet can take different routes to reach the destination. This is the basis for most modern data networks, including the Internet.
3. Frame Relay: A packet-switching technology that operates at the data link layer. It is used to connect local area networks (LANs) and utilizes a method of efficient data transfer.
4. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): A cell-switching technology that uses fixed-size packets (cells) and is suitable for both voice and data communication.
5. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS): A technique that directs and carries data from one node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, improving speed and efficiency.
6. Virtual Circuits: Establishes a predefined path through the network for data transmission, allowing for more efficient resource allocation compared to traditional packet switching.
7. Data Link Layer Protocols: Protocols like Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) that define how data is formatted and transmitted over various types of physical networks.
8. Overlay Networks: Constructs logical networks on top of existing
D. packet switching and circuit switching