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Answer: d
Explanation: The temperature rise is one of the limitations present in the design of
machines. The insulating material when operated beyond the maximum temperature
leads to the lifetime being drastically reduced.
When insulating material is operated beyond its maximum allowable temperature, several detrimental effects can occur:
1. Degradation of Insulation: The insulation may start to break down chemically, leading to a loss of its insulating properties. This can result in increased electrical leakage and reduced effectiveness.
2. Thermal Runaway: Excessive heat can cause a feedback cycle where the insulation deteriorates further, leading to increased current flow and even higher temperatures.
3. Electrical Failure: The compromised insulation can lead to short circuits, arcing, or electrical failures that may damage the equipment.
4. Mechanical Weakness: High temperatures can cause the insulation material to become brittle or soft, compromising its mechanical integrity and potentially leading to physical failure.
5. Fire Hazard: Prolonged exposure to temperatures beyond the material’s limits can increase the risk of fire due to melting, burning, or producing flammable gases.
In summary, operating insulating material beyond the maximum allowable temperature poses serious risks, including reduced performance, increased failures, and safety hazards.