What is happened between India and Pakistan?

India and Pakistan have had a complex and often tense relationship since their independence from British colonial rule in 1947. The main issues between the two countries include:

1. Partition: The division of British India into two independent nations, India and Pakistan, in 1947 led to significant violence and one of the largest mass migrations in human history. This partition created a deep-seated animosity between the two countries.

2. Kashmir Conflict: Perhaps the most enduring and dangerous issue is the dispute over the Kashmir region. Both countries claim the entire area but control only parts of it. This dispute has led to several wars (1947, 1965, and 1971) and numerous military skirmishes, including the Kargil conflict in 1999.

3. Wars and Military Standoffs: India and Pakistan have fought three major wars, as mentioned, primarily over Kashmir but also for other geopolitical reasons. Apart from these, there have been numerous military standoffs, the most recent being the Balakot airstrike in 2019, following a terrorist attack in Pulwama, administered by India in Kashmir, which was blamed on a Pakistan-based group.

4. Nuclear Arms: Both countries have developed and tested nuclear weapons (India first in 1974 and Pakistan in 1998), which has added a dangerous dimension to their rivalry. The threat of nuclear conflict, even if unintended, has had significant implications for regional and global security.

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