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SQL (Structured Query Language) and NoSQL are two primary categories of databases, each suited to different types of applications and data needs. Below are the key differences between SQL and NoSQL databases:
1. Type of Database:
– SQL: Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS).
– NoSQL: Non-relational or distributed database system.
2. Schema:
– SQL: Structured schema. It requires a predefined schema based on tables, and altering the schema often requires modifying existing databases.
– NoSQL: Dynamic schema for unstructured data. It allows the storing of data in many ways: it can be column-oriented, document-oriented, graph-based, or organized as a KeyValue store.
3. Scalability:
– SQL: Normally scaled by enhancing the horse-power of the hardware, which means it is often vertically scalable.
– NoSQL: Designed to scale out by distributing the data across many servers, and the system is horizontally scalable.
4. Query Language:
– SQL: It uses SQL (Structured Query Language) for defining and manipulating the data, which is very powerful.
– NoSQL: Queries are focused on collection of documents. Often it does not have a standard query language, making the queries not as powerful as SQL queries but sufficient for many types of data access.
5. Transaction:
– SQL: It supports complex transactions. It