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The copper loss in a synchronous machine, as in other electrical machines, refers to the power loss due to the resistance in the windings (stator and rotor). It’s primarily the result of the flow of current through these windings. The formula for copper loss ((P_{cu})) in a synchronous machine can be represented as:
[ P_{cu} = I^2 times R ]
Where:
– (P_{cu}) is the copper loss in watts (W),
– (I) is the current flowing through the winding in amperes (A),
– (R) is the resistance of the winding in ohms ((Omega)).
In a synchronous machine, there are copper losses in both the rotor and the stator windings. The total copper loss is the sum of the stator and rotor copper losses. When calculating these losses, it’s crucial to use the effective resistance and current values relevant to each of the windings. For more precise calculations, the resistance at the operating temperature (usually higher than at room temperature) should be used, as resistance increases with temperature.