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The magnetic flux density, B, in permanent magnet (PM) motors is a crucial factor in determining the motor’s overall performance. The formula for magnetic flux density ((text{B})) in the context of PM motors essentially depends on the design and materials of the motor. However, a general representation of magnetic flux density is given by the equation derived from Ampere’s law or can be related to the magnetic field strength (H) and the magnetic permeability of the material ((mu)):
[ B = mu H ]
In PM motors:
1. (mu) represents the magnetic permeability of the material, combining both the vacuum permeability ((mu_0)) and the material’s relative permeability ((mu_r)). For air or vacuum, (mu_0 = 4pi times 10^{-7} , Tcdot m/A) (Tesla meter per ampere).
2. H is the magnetic field strength, which depends on the design of the motor and the material of the permanent magnet.
For a more specific scenario within a PM motor, especially relating to the magnets themselves, the magnetic flux density can also be thought of as being directly related to the properties of the magnet used, including its residual magnetism ((B_r)) and any geometric factors that focus or spread out the magnetic field.
Keep in mind, the actual calculation of flux density in a specific section